The high precision, multifunctionality, and anti-theft capabilities of electronic energy meters rely on the application of several core technologies. Anti-theft technologies encompass functions such as current imbalance detection, magnetic field interference detection and shielding, and-in the event of a main voltage outage-sustaining metering operations by drawing power via the supply current transformer (CT); chips such as the MSP430FE42x and ADE7169 integrate these specific capabilities. High-precision metering is achieved through the utilization of dedicated energy metering integrated circuits, digital multiplier computation techniques, A/D sampling technologies, and hardware clocks featuring built-in temperature compensation.
As a core component for current sampling, the manganin-copper shunt is employed for measuring live-wire current, offering distinct advantages in terms of low temperature drift and high precision . Single-chip or microcontroller-based solutions-such as the MAXQ2000, MSP430FE42X series, and ADE7169-integrate functions for metering, communication, and display control, thereby simplifying the design process, reducing costs, and enhancing overall reliability. Communication technologies support a variety of protocols-including RS-485 and infrared (e.g., DL/T645-2007)-enabling remote meter reading and tariff control functionalities.